CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES AND RISKS FOR WOMEN IN BUSINESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Abstract

This paper explores the persistent gender disparities in career continuity and entrepreneurial participation, emphasizing the socio-economic risks faced by women in business as both employees and entrepreneurs. Drawing on Eurofound (2022) and OECD (2025) data, the study highlights that women are substantially more likely to interrupt or delay their professional careers following childbirth, while such interruptions occur in less than 10% of cases for men. These gendered career breaks contribute to cumulative disadvantages in income, professional advancement, and access to venture capital. The analysis also examines systemic barriers—including limited access to financing, underrepresentation in technology-driven sectors, and the gender pay gap—alongside emerging challenges such as algorithmic bias and the digital divide. Despite policy progress across the EU, including gender balance directives and targeted funding for women-led startups, inequalities persist in both traditional employment structures and the entrepreneurial ecosystem. The paper concludes that addressing these disparities requires integrated policy interventions that promote flexible career models, inclusive digital literacy programs, and equitable access to financial instruments. Ensuring gender-sensitive innovation and entrepreneurship policies is essential for achieving sustainable economic growth and social inclusion in the evolving European business landscape.